什么是KEYENCE基恩士位移傳感器的靈敏度和分辨率

　　靈敏(min)度是(shi)指KEYENCE基(ji)恩士位移(yi)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)在穩態工作(zuo)情況(kuang)下輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)△y對輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)△x的(de)(de)比值。它是(shi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)一輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)特性(xing)曲線(xian)的(de)(de)斜率。如(ru)果傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)和輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)之間顯線(xian)性(xing)關系，則靈敏(min)度S是(shi)一個常數。否則，它將隨輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)(bian)化(hua)。靈敏(min)度的(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)綱(gang)(gang)是(shi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)、輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)綱(gang)(gang)之比。例如(ru)，某(mou)位移(yi)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)，在位移(yi)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)1mm時，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電壓變(bian)(bian)化(hua)為200mV，則其靈敏(min)度應表示為200mV/mm。當傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)、輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)綱(gang)(gang)相同時，靈敏(min)度可理解為放(fang)大倍數。提高(gao)靈敏(min)度，可得到較高(gao)的(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)精度。但靈敏(min)度愈(yu)(yu)高(gao)，測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)范圍愈(yu)(yu)窄，穩定性(xing)也往往愈(yu)(yu)差(cha)。

　　KEYENCE基恩士位移(yi)傳感器的分(fen)辨率

　　分(fen)(fen)辨(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)率(lv)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)KEYENCE基恩士位移(yi)傳感(gan)器可(ke)感(gan)受到的(de)(de)被測量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)最小變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)能(neng)力。也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)，如果輸(shu)入(ru)量(liang)(liang)從(cong)某一(yi)非零值(zhi)緩慢地變(bian)化(hua)。當輸(shu)入(ru)變(bian)化(hua)值(zhi)未超(chao)過(guo)某一(yi)數值(zhi)時，傳感(gan)器的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)不會發(fa)生變(bian)化(hua)，即傳感(gan)器對此輸(shu)入(ru)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)是(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)辨(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)不出(chu)來的(de)(de)。只有當輸(shu)入(ru)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)超(chao)過(guo)分(fen)(fen)辨(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)率(lv)時，其(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)才會發(fa)生變(bian)化(hua)。通(tong)常(chang)傳感(gan)器在滿量(liang)(liang)程(cheng)范圍內各點的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)辨(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)率(lv)并不相同，因(yin)此常(chang)用(yong)(yong)滿量(liang)(liang)程(cheng)中能(neng)使輸(shu)出(chu)量(liang)(liang)產(chan)生階(jie)躍變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)量(liang)(liang)中的(de)(de)最大變(bian)化(hua)值(zhi)作為(wei)衡量(liang)(liang)分(fen)(fen)辨(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)率(lv)的(de)(de)指(zhi)標(biao)。上述指(zhi)標(biao)若用(yong)(yong)滿量(liang)(liang)程(cheng)的(de)(de)百分(fen)(fen)比表示，則(ze)稱為(wei)分(fen)(fen)辨(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)率(lv)。分(fen)(fen)辨(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)率(lv)與(yu)傳感(gan)器的(de)(de)穩定性有負相相關性

　　KEYENCE基恩士位(wei)移(yi)傳感器(qi)技(ji)術是工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)的(de)核心技(ji)術，而(er)工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)又是自動化產業(ye)的(de)重(zhong)要標志。機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)技(ji)術的(de)飛速發(fa)展，與位(wei)移(yi)傳感器(qi)技(ji)術的(de)深度開(kai)發(fa)息息相(xiang)關。位(wei)移(yi)傳感器(qi)應用于機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)與機(ji)械手測控系統，將位(wei)移(yi)、尺寸、距離(li)、形變等物理量轉換為電信號，實(shi)現工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)與機(ji)械手的(de)精(jing)準定位(wei)。

　　KEYENCE基恩士位移(yi)(yi)傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)精(jing)度決定了工業機(ji)器(qi)人與(yu)機(ji)械(xie)手的(de)控制精(jing)度。如(ru)果位移(yi)(yi)傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)測控精(jing)度過低(di)，機(ji)器(qi)人與(yu)機(ji)械(xie)手就會出(chu)現無法準(zhun)確定位，抓取(qu)不(bu)到(dao)物(wu)件的(de)情(qing)況。

　　因此，大部(bu)分用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶在(zai)(zai)位移(yi)(yi)傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)選型時，更愿意(yi)選擇質量(liang)穩定的品牌產品，降低位移(yi)(yi)傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)出(chu)現異常狀況的概率，并延長傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命，縮減維護(hu)的周期與頻(pin)率。除(chu)此之外，傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)安(an)裝(zhuang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)過程中(zhong)應嚴(yan)格按照使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)說明操作，減小外界干擾對位移(yi)(yi)傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)性(xing)能(neng)的影響。

　　KEYENCE基恩士位移傳(chuan)感器(qi)扭(niu)(niu)矩(ju)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)采用(yong)(yong)應(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)測(ce)(ce)技術。在(zai)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)上粘(zhan)貼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻應(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)計(ji)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)(qiao)，當彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)受扭(niu)(niu)矩(ju)產生微小(xiao)變(bian)(bian)形后(hou)引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)(qiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值變(bian)(bian)化(hua)，應(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)(qiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的變(bian)(bian)化(hua)轉變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的變(bian)(bian)化(hua)從而(er)實現扭(niu)(niu)矩(ju)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)。傳(chuan)感器(qi)就完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)如(ru)下(xia)(xia)的信息轉換： 傳(chuan)感器(qi)由(you)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)、測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)(qiao)、儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)、接口(kou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)是敏感元件，在(zai)45度(du)和135度(du)的方向上產生最大(da)(da)(da)壓(ya)應(ying)(ying)力(li)和拉應(ying)(ying)力(li)，這個時候承受的主應(ying)(ying)力(li)和剪應(ying)(ying)力(li)相等(deng)，其計(ji)算公式(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)： 式(shi)(shi)中τ—主應(ying)(ying)力(li)，此時與σ相等(deng)Ｗp—軸(zhou)(zhou)截(jie)面(mian)極矩(ju)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)(qiao)可以采用(yong)(yong)半導體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻應(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)片(pian)，并將它們(men)接成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)差動全橋(qiao)(qiao),其輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)正比于(yu)扭(niu)(niu)轉軸(zhou)(zhou)所受的扭(niu)(niu)矩(ju)。 應(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)片(pian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1=R2=R3=R4＝R0,可以得(de)到(dao)下(xia)(xia)面(mian)的式(shi)(shi)子： 式(shi)(shi)中， Ｅ－軸(zhou)(zhou)材料(liao)的彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)模量(liang) u－電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)(qiao)的供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya) S－電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻應(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)片(pian)的靈敏度(du)系數(shu)(shu)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路采用(yong)(yong)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，它由(you)專用(yong)(yong)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，也有三只(zhi)單(dan)運放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路組合而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)倍數(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)K，放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)后(hou)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)Ｖ為(wei)(wei)： 為(wei)(wei)了使(shi)一起(qi)具有高(gao)精度(du)，必須使(shi)靈敏度(du)系數(shu)(shu) 為(wei)(wei)常數(shu)(shu)。

　　在電(dian)阻應(ying)變式的(de)動態KEYENCE基恩士位(wei)移傳(chuan)感(gan)器中，需要解決(jue)的(de)技術(shu)關鍵是(shi)：

　　(1)、彈(dan)性軸(zhou)的(de)工作區域(yu)不應(ying)該大于彈(dan)性區域(yu)的(de)1/3，且取初始段(duan)。為了將遲滯誤差減低(di)到最(zui)底(di)，按(an)照超載能力指數選取最(zui)大的(de)軸(zhou)徑(jing)。

　　(2)、采用LM型硅擴散力敏全橋(qiao)應變片，較好的敏感性，很(hen)小的非線形度(du)

　　(3)、采用高精度的(de)穩壓(ya)電源。